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Penn, William, Title: The Sandy Foundation Shaken.

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The Sandy Foundation Shaken, 1668

William Penn (1644-1718), founder of Pennsylvania, was a prominent Quaker leader and friend of George Fox. His first essay, entitled Truth Exalted, urged laymen and clerics to examine the foundation of their faith. His following publication was The Sandy Foundation Shaken. The work was declared heretical as refuting the belief “that the Godhead existed as three separate persons.” Penn underwent imprisonment in the Tower of London from 1668 to 1669. The Bishop of London threatened that Penn must either recant or die, to which Penn replied that “the prison shall be my grave before I will budge a jot.” Penn subsequently wrote No Cross, No Crown and Innocency with Her Open Face. The latter pamphlet acknowledges the divinity of Christ, but not the doctrine of the Trinity. The intercession of the duke of York with the king secured Penn's release.

We reprint a section of Penn's anti-Trinitarian tract. The Trinity of distinct and separate Persons, in the Unity of Essence, refuted from Scripture.

“And he said, Lord God, there is no god like unto thee, to whom then will ye liken me, or shall I be equal, saith the Holy One?1 —I am the Lord, and there is none else, there is no God besides me. Thus saith the Lord thy redeemer, the Holy One of Israel. I will also praise thee, O my God; unto thee will I sing—O Holy One of Israel, Jehovah shall be One—and his name One.”2 Which, with a cloud of other testimonies that might be urged, evidently demonstrate, that in the days of the first covenant, and prophets, but One was the Holy God, and God but that Holy One.—Again, “And Jesus said unto him, why callest thou me good? there is none good but

1 and consequently three distinct gods. 1Kings viii.23. Isa. xl.25.

2 Isa. xlv. 5, 6, xlviii.17. Psa. lxxi.22. Zac.xiv.9

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